1718: The first machine gun was patented by London lawyer James Puckle who, as a keen fisherman, intended to use it at sea.

1800: George III survived two assassination attempts in one day.

1858: The present Royal Opera House in Covent Garden (the third on the site) was opened.

1936: Amy Johnson arrived in England after a record-breaking 12 day, 15 hour flight from London to Cape Town and back.

1940: Nylon stockings went on sale in America. In the first eight hours 72,000 pairs were sold in New York city alone.

1941: Britain's first jet-propelled aircraft, the Gloster-Whittle E28/39, flew for the first time.

1957: Britain's first H-bomb was exploded on Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean.

1987: Death of American actress Rita Hayworth.

1988: Soviet troops began leaving Afghanistan after eight years of occupation.

1991: Edith Cresson became the first women prime minister of France.